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Objective:To explore the protective effect of Tianlong Tongxin tablet on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, and observe its effect on thrombosis, blood viscosity and platelet aggregation in rabbits. Method:Totally 56 Wistar rats were collected. Except for the sham operation group, all of the remaining rats were involved in the establishment of the rat myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model. The successfully established model was divided model group, Hexinshuang group, compound Danshen tablet group and Tianlong Tongxin tablet groups (4, 2, 1 g·kg-1). Nitrotetrazolium blue (N-BT) method was used to observe the alleviation of myocardial infarction. Colorimetry was used to detect the effect of the test drug on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The Chandler in vitro method was used to detect thrombosis and blood viscosity in vitro of control group, Tianlong Tongxin tablets groups (4, 2, 1 g·kg-1), compound Danshen tablets group and aspirin group. The Born turbidimetric method was used to observe the platelet aggregation levels of control group, Tianlong Tongxin tablets groups (2, 1, 0.5 g·kg-1), compound Danshen tablets group and aspirin group. Result:Compared with the sham operation group, the myocardial infarction area, serum SOD and MDA in the model group were significantly increased (PPP-1), compound Danshen tablets group and Aspirin tablets group could significantly shorten the length of thrombosis (PPPP-1 shear rates were significantly reduced (PP-1), compound Danshen tablet group and Aspirin tablet group (PPConclusion:Tianlong Tongxin tablet can protect rat myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and reduce blood viscosity.
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The comparison on evaluating blood stasis syndrome in sleep deprived rats was carried out by using R, G, B image analysis of Tongue and palm as well as auricle, palm surface laser Doppler flow perfusion. The experiment was performed by means of a small platform on the water environment for sleep deprivation. The rats were weekly weighed at fixed time, and their macroscopic signs were observed; and their tongue and palm images of the control and model group were respectively collected by the SLR camera at the 2nd, 4th and 6th week. Then the color saturation analysis was performed by means of proofreading with the standard colorimetric card. At the same time, the laser dopper flowmetry was used to analyze the perfusion of auricle and foot flow in rats. It turned out that there was no significant difference in the R,G,B value of the tongue and palm in rats between normal group and model group at the first stage(at the 2nd week), so were the perfusion of auricle and foot flow in rats. But at the second stage (at the 4th week), the R value of tongue in model group rats was obviously lower than that in normal group(<0.01), and the other value (G,B) of tongue in module rats had a decease tendency, but there was no statistical significance. However, the perfusion of left and right auricle flow in model group rats were dramatically decreased as compared with the normal group(<0.01); there was still no significant difference in the perfusion of the palm between two groups. It was found that R,G,B value in model group had a lower trend as compared with the control group of the tongue and palm images at the third stage (at the 6th week), but no statistically significant difference. The perfusion of left and right auricle flow in model group was constantly decreased as compared with the normal group(<0.01).Right and left foot blood flow was lower than the normal group, but no statistically significant difference. We can safely conclude that the results of the R, G, B values of the tongue in rats could objectively reflect the characteristics of the rats with blood stasis syndrome, which were consistent with the diagnosis of clinical tongue image. As a method of microcirculation evaluation, the surface laser doppler perfusion of auricle can exhibit the characteristics of blood stasis in model rats, but also was more objective and reproducible. Therefore, the combination of R, G, B value of tongue as well as auricle laser doppler blood flow is more beneficial to the objective evaluation of index in the later study of traditional Chinese medicine blood stasis syndrome model.
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Based on the theory of "overexertion leading to Qi consumption", this study aimed to compare the intervention factors of nervous and physical fatigue to establish a rat model of Qi deficiency syndrome, moreover, the systematic evaluationsystem was necessary with the standard of syndrome diagnosis of Qi deficiency. According to the clinical-mimetic principle the Qi deficiency syndrome animal model is established by the factors of sleep deprivation(SD) and exhaustive swimming(ES). Rats were randomly divided into four groups, normal group, SD group, ES group and compound group (exhaustion swimming complex sleep deprivation). The method of ES was force rats to swim until the exhaustion with 5% of weight, and the SD method by using multi-platform sleep deprivation of water environment randomly 14-16 h daily, and the complex set by using of two methods was combined. The movement distance, average speed, activity time and numbers into the central area were detected by open field test, swimming exhaustion time was detected by swimming exhaustion method, the cardiac function (LVEF, CO, FS, LVDd) was detected by echocardiography, tongue imaging analysis and pulsedistention as the index of tongue and pulse diagnosis, the content of ATP and ADP in serum was detected by ELISA, the blood coagulation indexes for blood stasis syndrome as the additional. These results indicated that independent activity, body weight and exercise capacity were decreased significantly, the neurological function injured significantly, heart function was decreased significantly, the tongue surface color was pale white, and the pulse distention was decreased significantly. The content of ATP decreased significantly and the ADP increased significantly. By the method of four-diagnostic evaluation system to compare the factors of SD and ES, the Qi deficiency syndrome animalmodel could be successfully established by sleep deprivation method.
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As a basic syndrome of Chinese medicine, the study of characteristic syndrome spectrum of Qi deficiency syndrome is of great significance for the standardization of clinical diagnosis and modern material basis research. Suitable operators and algorithms were chosen to dig out the relationship between diseases, syndromes, symptoms, detection indicators and etiologist from the literature of Chinese clinical and basic research by literature mining method of frequency statistics, association rules and complex network analysis. Moreover, the information system of Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences was taken as the tools of data mining. The objective was to study the characteristic spectrum of Qi deficiency syndrome and to explore the characteristics of Qi deficiency syndrome. The results showed that the syndrome of fatigue, dietary were the main factors. The main pathogenesis of coronary heart disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes and stroke the disease were Qi deficiency. The clinical features of Qi deficiency syndrome were fatigue, shortness of breath and pale tongue. The biological indicators of Qi deficiency related were blood lipids, ECG, blood rheology, inflammatory reaction, NO, ET and NF-κB signalling pathway. The Qi deficiency syndrome on the level of syndrome spectrum was studied by the method of literature mining, which would provide reliable characteristic guidance data for the research on the substantial basis of Qi deficiency, the research on standard of diagnosis, establishment of syndrome model, the study on combination of disease and syndrome and the mechanism of prescriptions.
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Chinese medicine Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHW) is widely used in treating cerebral infarction combined with Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome, but the pharmacological basis is still not clear. This study aims to uncover the biological basis of BYHW therapy for cerebral infarction combined with Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome using label-free proteomic technology. Using Qi deficiency and blood stasis rat cerebral infarction model as the research object, the protein expression of rat brain tissue was compared among the sham operation group, the model group and the drug group. Quantitative analysis of the 3 groups of tissue samples detected 3 959, 3 996 and 4 055 proteins in the sham operation group, the model group and the drug group, respectively. Take model group as the control group, 391 proteins were identified to be upregulated or downregulated for more than 2 folds. Biological analysis and functional enrichment of the differentially expressed proteins revealed that BYHW may treat cerebral infarction combined with Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome through energy metabolism, nervous system and several signal pathways. This study preliminarily revealed the pharmacological mechanism of BYHW at the protein level, and provided a molecular basis for clinical treatment and traditional Chinese medicine research on cerebral infarction combined with Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome.
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Blood stasis syndrome is the pre-state of thrombotic disease. The model of blood stasis syndrome in rats was induced by sleep deprivation to study on effects of blood stasis syndrome on platelet activation. The weight, the color of tongue and hemorheology for the blood stasis syndrome of Chinese medicine were measured after modeling. The release of platelet granules and platelet activation factors in plasma were detected by ELISA kit related indicators to provide experimental basis for platelet function evaluation and related drug effects in syndrome research. The results showed that the weight of the model group rats was significantly lower than that of the normal group (<0.01). The tongue showed a dark purple blood stasis pattern, and the R, G and B values of the tongue surface in model group were significantly lower than those of the normal group (<0.01). The hemorheological parameters including high shear, middle shear and low shear viscosity in whole blood were significantly higher than those in the normal group (<0.01). But plasma viscosity did not change significantly. The release levels of platelet α particles (GMP-140, -TG, PF4) and dense particles (ADP, 5-HT) were significantly higher than those in the normal group (<0.01). The levels of TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF₁α in plasma were significantly higher than those in the normal group (<0.01). The ratios of TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF₂α were also significantly higher than those in the normal group (<0.01). The levels of PAF in plasma in model group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (<0.01). It was concluded that platelet functions could be changed induced by sleep deprivationin rats with blood stasis syndrome, and there might be inflammation and endothelial cell dysfunction.
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This study aimed to observe the general state and changes in pathophysiological indexes of multiple cerebral infarction rat model with Qi-deficienty and Blood-stasis syndrome. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(with 30 in each group): the normal group, the sham group, the model group and the Yiqi Huoxue recipe group. Rats in the model group and Yiqi Huoxue group were provided with interruptable sleep deprivation for 7 days before the multiple cerebral infarction operation, and followed by another 4 weeks of sleep deprivation; rats in the Yiqi Huoxue group were intragastrically administrated with drug at a dose of 26 g·kg⁻¹, once a day for 4 weeks. The general state was observed, and the pathophysiological indexes were measured at 48 h, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after administration. The results showed that rats in the normal group and the sham group represented a good general state and behaviors, with a normal morphological structure of brain tissues; rats in the model group featured yellow fur, depression, accidie, loose stools and movement disorder, with obvious brain histomorphological damage, which became aggravated with the increase of modeling time; rats in the Yiqi Huoxue group showed release in the general state and above indexes. Compared with the sham group at three time points, rats in the model group showed decrease in body weight, exhaustive swimming time and RGB value of tongue surface image, and increase in whole blood viscosity of the shear rate under 5, 60 and 150 S⁻¹, reduction in cerebral cortex Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-ATPase activity and contents of 5-HT, rise in TXB2 levels and decline in 6-keto-PGF1a in serum(<0.05, <0.01). Compared with the model group, rats in the Yiqi Huoxue group showed alleviations in the above indexes at 2 w and 4 w(<0.05, <0.01). The results showed that the characterization and pathophysiological indexes in the multiple cerebral infarction rat model with Qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome were deteriorated; Yiqi Huoxue recipe could significantly alliviate the abnormal conditions, which suggested of the model was stable and reliable and the pathophysiologic evolutionary mechanism might be related to energy metabolism dysfunction, vasoactive substance abnormality and changes in neurotransmitters.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Calcium-Transporting ATPases , Metabolism , Cerebral Infarction , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Energy Metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Qi , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase , MetabolismABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the effect of Yinxing Mihuan oral solution on rats with myocardial ischemia injury. Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was occluded in rats to establish the model. Yinxing Mihuan oral solution was given by intragastric administration daily for one week at dosage of 309 and 618 mg·kg-1. Cardiac ultrasound function, pathologic change and serum myocardial enzymes were determined to evaluate the effect of Yinxing Mihuan oral solution. The heart function was significantly reduced in the model group compared with sham operation group, and the pathologic damage was clear. The changes were significantly improved by Diltiazem hydrochloride tablets in heart function and ejection fraction (P -1) (P P < 0.01). In addition, Yinxing Mihuan oral solution decreased the myocardial damage and inhibited inflammatory reaction, and inhibited platelet activation factor. Yinxing Mihuan oral solution can protect against myocardial ischemia injury, inflammation and platelet activation in the rat model.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Danlou (correspondence between prescription and syndrome) tablet and Shengmai capsule (non-correspondence between prescription and syndrome) on mini-swine phlegm-stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease (CHD). 24 mini-swines were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Danlou tablet group (0.24 g·kg-1) and Shengmai capsule group (0.14 g·kg-1). Phlegm-stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease was established by high-fat feeding and coronary intervention balloon injury. After 8 weeks of administration, blood lipid levels and blood rheology was detected. Echocardiography was used to examine the changes in heart function, and the extent of infarction was determined by nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining method. The main symptoms, accompanied symptoms, tongue and pulse signs of the coronary heart disease mini-swine with phlegm-stasis syndrome were observed according to the symptom-graded scoring method. The results showed that Danlou tablet decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P P P P P P P P P P P P < 0.05). However, Shengmai capsule failed to show therapeutic effects on blood lipid metabolism, the myocardial infarction area and primary symptom and syndrome score. The results suggest that as a drug for the treatment of Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome of CHD, Danlou tablet has limited therapeutic effects on phlegm-stasis syndrome of CHD. Only by the prescription correspondence with syndrome, using drug for the treatment of phlegm-stasis syndrome of CHD to treat phlegm-stasis syndrome of CHD, the prescription has a comprehensive therapeutic effect.
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Tianlongtongxin (TLTX) formula is composed of six Chinese herbs including Rhodiola rosea L., Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma and so on. It has been mainly used in the treatment of chest-Bi syndrome in the clinics. To investigate the material foundation and provide reference for clinical dosage regimen, the pharmacokinetics of seven components in the rat plasma were studied after oral administration of TLTX. A high sensitive method was established to determine the seven active components from TLTX in rat plasma based on the LC-MS/MS technique. The method met the requirements of preclinical pharmacokinetic study, through the investigation of linearity, specificity, recovery, accuracy, precision and stability. After administration of TLTX at 4.5 g·kg-1 dose, all of the components were detectable in the plasma after 5 min. The concentration peaks were observed at 0.11-4.67 h respectively after administration with great difference in levels. The AUC of salidroside was significantly higher than other components, suggesting it as a main active component in TLTX formula. The observations provide scientific evidence for the rationality of salidroside as monarch drug in the formula.
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Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a common mechanism for some heart disease like cardiac X syndrome and no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). With the development of medical imageology, CMD has received increased attention. Animal model of CMD is indispensable tool for the research of pathogenesis and treatment evaluation, therefor choose an appropriate animal model is the first issue to carry out CMD research. Experimental and clinical studies have shown unique effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in CMD therapy. Clarifying of the TCM therapeutic effect mechanisms and seeking an optimal solution of combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine will be the focus of future research. This paper reviewed the establishment and evaluation of CMD animal model, as well as the intervention study of TCM on CMD. The article aims to provide reference for the basic research of CMD and the TCM experimental study on CMD.
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Tongmai granule (TM) is composed of Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(Danshen) and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuanxiong). It has been used to treat ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases for decades. For the purpose of elucidating its pharmacodynamic material foundation, the absorption and pharmacokinetic property of TM were investigated in acute myocardial ischemic model beagles. All serum samples were extracted before analysis with ethyl acetate after being acidified by hydrochloric acid. Under negative ESI detection mode, the chromatographic separation was carried out with monolithic C₁₈ column for gradient elution. A simultaneous quantitative analysis was made on 15 polyphenols, including 8 from Gegen, 5 from Danshen and 2 from Chuanxiong, in 8.5 min. The validation result demonstrated the specificity, accuracy and precision of the method in line with the bioanalysis requirements. After TM solution was administrated to acute myocardial ischemic model beagles through duodenum injection, serum samples were collected after 6 h. The quantitative detection proved the prompt absorption of TM, all of the components were detectable in the blood samples 5 min later, and reached peak respectively at 0.18-3.83 h after administration. The components presented large variabilities. The most components were exposed in serum with puerarin and salvianic acid A, followed by 3'-methoxypuerarin, mirificin, and 3'-hydroxypuerarin. The study proves puerarin and salvianic acid A are dominating active components of TM in acute myocardial ischemic model beagles.
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The efficacy not only is summarized by clinical effect of Chinese herbal compound on theory of traditional Chinese medicine, but also is manifested to clinical effect by interaction of many intricate chemical substances. The efficacy of Chinese herbal compound is current research focus in field of traditional Chinese medicine. By currently knowing in different aspects which included the progression in efficacy of Chinese herbal compound, symptomatic efficacy of Chinese herbal compound, the relationship between the efficacy and pharmacologic effect of Chinese herbal compound, the efficacy related pharmacodynamic substance and the evaluation of efficacy, it had been summarized mainly problems and methods in research and development process of the efficacy of Chinese herbal compound in this paper. Paper also elucidated problems that need to pay attention in research of efficacy in order to provide references for clinical and experimental studies of efficacy in Chinese herbal compound, boost research and development level of new traditional Chinese drug and facilitate modernization of traditional Chinese medicines.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate that the effect of formula of removing both phlegm and blood stasis in improving cardiac function of Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Totally 36 Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided to six groups: the normal control group, the model group, the Danlou tablet group, and Tanyu Tonzhi Fang(TYTZ) groups with doses of 2. 0, 1. 0 and 0. 5 g kg-1, with six in each group. Except for the normal control group, all of other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 2 weeks. Interventional balloons are adopted to injure their left anterior descending artery endothelium. After the operation, they were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to prepare the coronary heart disease model of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome. After the operation, they were administered with drugs for 8 weeks. The changes in the myocardial ischemia were observed. The changes in the cardiac function and structure were detected by cardiac ultrasound and noninvasive hemodynamic method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the normal control group, the model group showed significant increase in myocardial ischemia and SVR and obvious decrease in CO, SV and LCW in noninvasive hemodynamic parameters (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The ultrasonic cardiogram indicated notable decrease in IVSd, LVPWs, EF and FS, and remarkable increase in LVIDs (P<0. 05 orP<0.01). Compared with the model group, TYTZ could reduce the myocardial ischemia, strengthen cardiac function, and improve the abnormal cardiac structure and function induced by ischemia (P <0. 05 or P <0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TYTZ shows a significant effect in improving cardiac function of Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome. The clinical cardiac function detection method could be adopted to correctly evaluate the changes in the post-myocardial ischemia cardiac function, and narrow the gap between clinical application and basic experimental studies.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Coronary Circulation , Coronary Disease , Diagnostic Imaging , Metabolism , Therapeutics , Heart , Hemodynamics , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Mucus , Metabolism , Swine , Swine, Miniature , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of formula of removing both phlegm and blood stasis (TYTZ) on myocardial tissues of Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Totally 36 Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided to six groups: the normal control group, the model group, the Danlou tablet group, and TYTZ groups with doses of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 g x kg(-1), with six in each group. Except for the normal control group, all of other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 2 weeks. Interventional balloons are adopted to injure their left anterior descending artery endothelium. After the operation, they were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to prepare the coronary heart disease model of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome in Chinese mini-swine. After the operation, they were administered with drugs for 8 weeks. The SOD activity and MDA content of each group were observed at the 0th week (before the experiment), the 2nd week after the high-fat diet (before the operation or drug administration) , the 6th week after the high-fat diet (4 weeks after the drug administration) and the 10th week after the high-fat diet (8 weeks after the drug administration). Meanwhile, the myocardial enzymogram test and the HE staining pathological observation were performed at the end of the experiment. The changes in the myocardial cell ultra-structure were observed under transmission electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the normal control group, the model group showed significant decrease in serum SOD activity and notable increase in MDA content from the 2nd week to the end of experiment (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). In the 10th week, the CK, LDH and CK-MB levels in serum also significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), with obvious structural abnormality in myocardial tissue pathologic morphology and ultra-structure. Compared with the model group, TYTZ groups showed specific increase in serum SOD activity and oblivious decrease in the MDA level (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Meanwhile, TYTZ could significantly decrease serum CK and LDH levels in the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), attenuate the ischemia injury of myocardial tissue, and improve the ultra-structure of cardiomyocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TYTZ shows an obvious protective effect on the myocardial injury in Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome. Its mechanism is related to the resistance against free radical oxidation injury and the inhibition of the lipid per-oxidation.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Coronary Artery Disease , Genetics , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Mucus , Metabolism , Myocardium , Metabolism , Protective Agents , Swine , Swine, MiniatureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and summarize changes of syndrome-related biological indices in acute lacuna encephalon infarction patients of upper hyperactivity of Gan yang syndrome (UHGYS), thus providing objective evidence for syndrome typing and disease identification.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recruited were 50 patients at Department of Encephalopathy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, who were in line with diagnostic criteria of UHGYS as the experimental group in this study. Another 40 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group from May 2010 to July 2012. Blood routines (including WBC, RBC, Hb, NEUT%, and LY%), hepatic and renal functions tests (including ALT, AST, TBIL, TP, ALB, Cr, and BUN) were performed by automatic whole blood analyzer and colorimetric technique. The levels of fasting blood glucose, HbAlc, blood lipids (including TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C), and coagulation functions (including AT-III, PT, PTA, INR, TT, APTT, and FBG, reaction time), renin, angiotensin II, hs-CRP, and Hcy were also measured. The thyroid functions (including FT3, FT4, T3, T4, and TSH) were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6 and IL-1 in serum were measured by ELISA and radioimmunoassay respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, RBC, LY%, ALT, TP, ALB, HDL-C, AT-III activities, contents of PTA and FT4 obviously decreased, TBIL, BUN, Glu, HbAlc, TSH, hs-CRP, renin, Ang II, TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 significantly increased in the experimental group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pathological process of acute lacuna encephalon infarction patients of UHGYS was closely correlated with thyroid functions, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation systems, as well as inflammation reaction.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Disease , Case-Control Studies , Infarction , Blood , Diagnosis , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Stroke, Lacunar , Blood , DiagnosisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of formula of removing both phlegm and blood stasis (TYTZ) in inhibiting the inflammatory reaction in Chinese mini-swine with coronary atherosclerosis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Totally 36 Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided to six groups: the normal control group, the model group, the Shujiangzhi group and TYTZ groups with does of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 g x kg(-1), and six each in every group. Except for the normal control group, all of other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 2 weeks. Interventional balloons are adopted to injure their left anterior descending artery endothelium. After the operation, they were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to prepare the coronary atherosclerosis model. In the 8th week after the operation and administration, the intravascular ultrasound was adopted to observe the coronary artery plaque burden of each group and the pathological morphology of coronary artery. Such inflammatory factors as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 were detected by ELISA. The expression of NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation was observed by the immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the normal control group, the model group showed significant increase in the coronary artery plaque burden at the end of the experiment (P < 0.01), notably abnormal structural changes in atherosclerotic vascular tissues, luminal stenosis, a large number of foam cells and inflammatory cell infiltration, remarkable growth of hs-CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels (P < 0.01). The immunohistochemical staining also showed the significant increase in the NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation of coronary artery of Chinese mini-swine in the model group. Compared with the model group, TYTZ could significantly attenuate atherosclerotic plaque burden (P < 0.01), inhibit the coronary luminal stenosis, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, decrease such inflammatory cell factors as hs-CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in serum, and inhibit the NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation of coronary artery (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TYTZ can reduce the downstream inflammatory reaction by controlling NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation, so as to inhibit the occurrence and development of coronary atherosclerotic plaque in Chinese mini-swine.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , C-Reactive Protein , Metabolism , Coronary Artery Disease , Blood , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Inflammation , Interleukin-6 , Blood , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Mucous Membrane , Bodily Secretions , Swine , Swine, Miniature , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effect of formula of removing both phlegm and blood stasis (TYTZ) in improving hemorheology and blood fat of mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirty-six Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided to six groups: the normal control group, the model group, the Shujiangzhi group and TYTZ groups with doses of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 g x kg(-1), with six mice in each group. Except for the normal control group, all of other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 2 weeks. Interventional balloons are adopted to injure their left anterior descending artery endothelium. After the operation, they were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to prepare the coronary heart disease model of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome. In the 8th week after the operation and administration, the changes in hemorheological parameters, serum lipid level, myocardial ischemia level and range were observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the normal control group, the model group showed significant increase in serum TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels (P < 0.01), whole blood viscosity under the shear rate of 5 s (-1) and 60 s (-1) (P < 0.01), and myocardial ischemia degree and range (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, TYTZ groups revealed significant decrease in myocardial ischemia degree and range (P < 0.01), serum TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and whole blood viscosity under the shear rate of 5 s(-1) and 60 s(-1) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TYTZ could improve the abnormal hemorheology in Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome, and regulate serum lipid, with a certain efficacy for coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Coronary Disease , Blood , Metabolism , Therapeutics , Hemorheology , Lipids , Blood , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Mucous Membrane , Bodily Secretions , Swine , Swine, MiniatureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss that pathogenesis evolvement regularity of Chinese miniature swine with phlege-stasis cementation syndrome of coronary heart disease.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Eighteen Chinese miniature swine were randomly divided to the normal control group, the model group and the Danlou tablet group, with six swine in each group. Except for the normal control group, all of the other groups were fed with high fat diet for two weeks. The coronary heart disease model with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome was established by injuring left anterior descending artery with interventional balloons and continuously feeding with high fat diet for eight weeks. The levels of BMI, hemorheological parameters, lipids in serum and inflammatory cytokines were observed at the 0th (before the experiment), 2nd (before operation or drug administration), 6th (four weeks after drug administration) and 10th week (eight weeks after drug administration) of study. The levels of TG and TC in liver and the pathological changes in coronary artery tissues were also observed at the end of study.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the normal control group, the model group had showed significant increase in the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C in serum (P < 0.01) from the second week to the end of the experiment, with notable rise in the whole blood viscosity under the shear rates of 5 s(-1) and 60 s(-1). At the 6th week, the levels of BMI and TG and TNF-alpha in serum significantly increased. At the 10th week, the levels of BMI and hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in serum significantly increased as well, with remarkable increase in coronary stenosis, intimal thickness and the ratio between intimal thickness and media thickness (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and significant rise in TC and TG in livers (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the Danlou tablet group showed obvious reduction in severity of coronary artery lesion, intimal thickness and lumen stenosis ratio and ratio between intimal thickness and media thickness (P < 0.01), BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C in serum, TC and TG in liver, as well as hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in serum (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), with notable decline in the whole blood viscosity under the shear rates of 5 s(-1) and 60 s(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The interaction of phlegm, blood stasis and toxin syndromes helps promote the progress and development of AS plaques, which is the key pathogenesis of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome in coronary heart disease.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Body Weight , Coronary Disease , Blood , Hemodynamics , Inflammation Mediators , Metabolism , Lipids , Blood , Liver , Metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Swine , Swine, MiniatureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the "clinical-mimetic" Chinese medicine symptom complex score method for the coronary heart disease Chinese miniature swine model with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome, in order to observe the effect of formula of removing both phlegm and blood stasis (TYTZ) on the Chinese medicine symptom complex score for the coronary heart disease Chinese miniature swine model with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Totally 36 Chinese miniature swine were randomly divided to the normal control group, the model group, the Shujiangzhi group, and TYTZ groups with doses of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 g x kg(-1), with six in each group. Except for the normal control group, all of the other groups were fed with high fat diet for two weeks. The coronary heart disease model with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome was established by injuring left anterior descending artery with interventional balloons and continuously feeding with high fat diet for eight weeks. After the operation, the groups were administered with drugs for eight weeks. Their main symptoms, accompanied symptoms, tongue and pulse signs of the coronary heart disease Chinese miniature swine with phlengm-stasis cementation syndrome were observed according to the symptom-graded scoring method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the model group, TYTZ in different doses could reduce the scores of main symptoms at the 6th and 10th week. Specifically, TYTZ in low dose could reduce the scores of tongue at the 6th week and the scores of accompanied symptoms, and tongue and pulse signs at the 10th week; And TYTZ in high dose could decrease all symptom scores at the 6th and 10th week (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TYTZ can improve the scores of the main symptoms, accompanied symptoms, tongue and pulse signs in coronary heart disease Chinese miniature swine with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome. It is suggested that the "clinical-mimetic" objective scoring for syndromes of Chinese miniature swine is of great significant to the development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs.</p>